28. Particle Detectors

Revised 2006 (see the various sections for authors). In this section we give various parameters for common detector components. The quoted numbers are usually based on typical devices, and should be regarded only as rough approximations for new designs. More detailed discussions of detectors and their underlying physics can be found in books by Ferbel [1], Grupen [2], Kleinknecht [3], Knoll [4], and Green [5]. In Table 28.1 are given typical spatial and temporal resolutions of common detectors. Resolution Dead Detector Type Accuracy (rms) Time Time Bubble chamber 10–150 µm 1 ms 50 ms a Streamer chamber 300 µm 2µs 100 ms Proportional chamber 50–300 µm b,c,d 2 ns 200 ns Drift chamber 50–300 µm 2 ns e 100 ns Scintillator — 100 ps/n f 10 ns Emulsion 1 µm — — Liquid Argon Drift [Ref. 6] ∼175–450 µm ∼ 200 ns ∼ 2 µs Gas Micro Strip [Ref. 7] 30–40 µm < 10 ns — Resistive Plate chamber [Ref. 8] 10 µm 1–2 ns — Silicon strip pitch/(3 to 7) g h h Silicon pixel 2 µm i h h a Multiple pulsing time. b 300 µm is for 1 mm pitch. c Delay line cathode readout can give ±150 µm parallel to anode wire. d wirespacing/ √ 12. e For two chambers. f n = index of refraction. g The highest resolution (" 7 ") is obtained for small-pitch detectors (25 µm) with pulse-height-weighted center finding. h Limited by the readout electronics [9]. (Time resolution of ≤ 25 ns is planned for the ATLAS SCT.) i Analog readout of 34 µm pitch, monolithic pixel detectors.